![]() The reaction of this antibody was not as strong with several other antigens ( Fig. 1A), we found that the strongest reactions were with transglutaminase 3 (tTG3), transglutaminase 2 (tTG2), ENA, myelin basic protein (MBP), mitochondria, nuclear antigen (NA), α-myosin, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), collagen, claudin 5+6, and S100B. Looking at the reaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody and tissue proteins ( Fig. After the completion of all ELISA steps, the developed color was measured at 405 nm. ![]() Each SARS-CoV-2 antibody was applied to quadruplicate wells. An additional 45 tissue antigens used in this study have been previously described. ![]() ELISA wells were coated with nuclear antigens, dsDNA, F-actin, and mitochondria (M2) antigen purchased from different companies. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were purchased from RayBiotech. Due to the significant red flags for the potential cross-reactive interactions with the current COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the relationships between spike and nuclear proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune target proteins.Ĭommercially available mouse monoclonal antibody made against recombinant SARS coronavirus spike protein and rabbit monoclonal antibody made against SARS coronavirus nucleoprotein were applied at optimal dilution to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins and to 50 different tissue antigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ![]() Vaccine-induced autoimmunity from autoimmune cross-reactivity is associated with narcolepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, demyelinating neuropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in susceptible subgroups as reported by Segal and Shoenfeld. This prompted us to investigate patterns of cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune target proteins. We were surprised to find out that 3 of the 5 specimens had significant elevations in ANA, ENA, actin and mitochondrial antibodies, but not against dsDNA or RF. The measurements were for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), actin antibody, mitochondrial antibody, rheumatoid factor (RF), and C1q immune complexes. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, we tested 5 different blood specimens that were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies. ![]()
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